Class 1, 2 and 3 e-bikes explained

The three classes at a glance

More than 40 states use this three-class system. To count as an e-bike, the bike usually needs working pedals and a motor rated under 750 watts.

• Class 1: pedal assist only. The motor stops helping at 20 mph.
• Class 2: pedal assist and a throttle. The motor stops helping at 20 mph.
• Class 3: pedal assist only, up to 28 mph. Many states also require a speedometer.

Where each class can usually ride

Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes can usually go wherever regular bikes go, including many bike lanes and paths. Class 3 e-bikes are allowed on roads and bike lanes but are often kept off shared paths, and many states set a minimum age, often 16, and require a helmet.

Cities, parks and universities can add their own rules. Many campuses limit speed or ban throttles on walkways, so check your school’s transportation rules before you ride to class.

Faster than 28 mph is a different vehicle

Some bikes sold as e-bikes can reach 35 or even 50 mph, and some QUBILO listings are among them. In most states those do not fit any e-bike class and may be treated as mopeds or motorcycles, with registration, a license and insurance. Rules are also changing: New Jersey, for example, now regulates Class 2 and Class 3 e-bikes more like motorized bicycles.

How to find the class of a bike

Look for a class label on the frame and in the listing. On QUBILO, each bike page shows the class exactly as the seller lists it, and “Not listed” when the seller does not say. If the class is missing, check the top speed and whether it has a throttle, and ask the seller before you buy.

Sources

• PeopleForBikes, “E-bike policies and laws” and state legislative updates (peopleforbikes.org).
• Federal definition of a low-speed electric bicycle (Consumer Product Safety Act): operable pedals and a motor under 750 W.